Science Class 9 Syllabus
Course Structure
First Term Units
|
Marks
|
Second Term Units
|
|||
I.
|
Matter - Its Nature
& Behaviour
|
29
|
I.
|
Matter - Its Nature
& Behaviour
|
18
|
II.
|
Organization in
Living World
|
18
|
II.
|
Organization in
Living World
|
26
|
III.
|
Motion, Force and
Work
|
30
|
III.
|
Mechanics, energy
and sound
|
36
|
IV.
|
Food; Food
Production
|
13
|
IV.
|
Our Environment
|
10
|
90
|
90
|
||||
First Term Units
Unit: Matter - Nature and Behaviour
Definition of matter; solid, liquid and gas;
characteristics - shape, volume, density; change of state-melting
(absorption of heat), freezing, evaporation (cooling by evaporation),
condensation, sublimation.
Nature of matter: Elements, compounds and
mixtures. Heterogenous and homogenous mixtures, colloids and suspensions.
Unit: Organization in the Living World
Cell - Basic Unit of life: Cell as a basic
unit of life; prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, multicellular organisms;
cell membrane and cell wall, cell organelles; chloroplast, mitochondria,
vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus; nucleus, chromosomes -
basic structure, number. TISSUES, Organs, Organ System,
Organism; Structure and functions of animal and plant tissues (four types
in animals; meristematic and permanent tissues in plants).
Unit: Motion, Force and Work
Motion: Distance and displacement, velocity;
uniform and non-uniform motion along a straight line;
acceleration, distance-time and velocity-time graphs for uniform motion
and uniformly accelerated motion, equations of motion by graphical method;
elementary idea of uniform circular motion.
Force and Newton's laws: Force and motion,
Newton's laws of motion, inertia of a body, inertia and mass, momentum,
force and acceleration. Elementary idea of conservation of momentum, action and
reaction forces.
Gravitation: Gravitation; universal law of
gravitation, force of gravitation of the earth (gravity), acceleration due
to gravity; mass and weight; free fall.
Unit: Food Production
Plant and animal breeding and selection for
quality improvement and management; use of fertilizers, manures;
protection from pests and diseases; organic farming.
Second Term Units
Unit: Matter - Nature and Behaviour
Particle nature, basic units: atoms and
molecules. Law of constant proportions. Atomic and molecular masses.
Mole Concept: Relationship of mole to mass of
the particles and numbers. Valency. Chemical formula of common compounds.
Structure of atom: Electrons, protons and
neutrons; Isotopes and isobars.
Unit: Organization in the Living World
Biological Diversity: Diversity of plants and
animals - basic issues in scientific naming, basis of
classification. Hierarchy of categories / groups, Major groups of plants
(salient features) (Bacteria, Thalophyta, Bryo phyta, Pteridophyta,
gymnosperms and Angiosperms). Major groups of animals (salient features)
(Non-chordates upto phyla and chordates upto classes).
Health and Diseases: Health and its failure.
Infectious and Non-infectious diseases, their causes and manifestation. Diseases
caused by microbes (Virus, Bacteria and protozoans) and their prevention,
Principles of treatment and prevention. Pulse polio programmes.
Unit: Mechanics, work and sound
Floatation: Thrust and pressure. Archimedes'
principle, buoyancy, elementary idea of relative density.
Work, energy and power: Work done by a force,
energy, power; kinetic and potential energy; law of conservation of
energy.
Sound: Nature of sound and its propagation in
various media, speed of sound, range of hearing in humans; ultrasound; reflection
of sound; echo and SONAR. Structure of the human ear (auditory aspect
only).
Unit: Our environment
Physical resources: Air, Water, Soil. Air
for respiration, for combustion, for moderating temperatures; movements of air
and its role in bringing rains across India. Air, water and soil
pollution (brief introduction). Holes in ozone layer and the probable
damages.
Bio-geo chemical cycles in nature: Water,
oxygen, carbon and nitrogen.
Mathematics Class 9 Syllabus
Course Structure
First
Term Units
|
Marks
|
|
I
|
Number System
|
17
|
II
|
Algebra
|
25
|
III
|
Geometry
|
37
|
IV
|
Co-ordinate Geometry
|
6
|
V
|
Mensuration
|
5
|
Total
|
90
|
|
Second
Term Units
|
Marks
|
|
II
|
Algebra (contd.)
|
16
|
III
|
Geometry (contd.)
|
38
|
V
|
Mensuration (contd.)
|
18
|
VI
|
Probability
|
8
|
VII
|
Statistics
|
10
|
Total
|
90
|
|
·
As per CCE guidelines, the syllabus of Mathematics for classes
IX and X has been divided term wise.
·
The units specified for each term shall be assessed through both
formative and summative assessment.
·
In each term, there will be two formative assessments, each
carrying 10% weightage.
·
The summative assessment in term I will carry 30% weightage and
the summative asssessment in the term II will carry 30% weightage.
First Term Syllabus
UNIT I: NUMBER
SYSTEMS
1.
REAL NUMBERS
1.
Review of representation of natural numbers, integers, rational numbers on the
number line. Representation of terminating / non-terminating recurring
decimals, on the number line through successive magnification.
Rational numbers as recurring/terminating decimals.
2.
Examples of non-recurring / non-terminating decimals. Existence of non-rational
numbers (irrational numbers) such as √2, √3 and their representation on
the number line. Explaining that every real number is represented by a
unique point on the number line and conversely, every point on the number line
represents a unique real number.
3.
Existence of √x for a given positive real number x (visual proof to be
emphasized).
4.
Definition of nth root of a real number.
5.
Recall of laws of exponents with integral powers. Rational exponents with
positive real bases (to be done by particular cases, allowing learner to
arrive at the general laws.)
6.
Rationalization (with precise meaning) of real numbers of the type (and their
combinations)
UNIT
II: ALGEBRA
1. POLYNOMIALS
Definition
of a polynomial in one variable, its coefficients, with examples and counter
examples, its terms, zero polynomial.
Degree of a polynomial. Constant, linear, quadratic and cubic
polynomials; monomials, binomials, trinomials. Factors and multiples.
Zeros of a polynomial. State and motivate the Remainder Theorem with examples.
Statement and proof of the Factor Theorem. Factorization of (ax2 + bx + c, a + 0 where a, b and c are
real numbers, and of cubic polynomials using the Factor Theorem) dt
quadratic & cubic polynomial.
Recall of algebraic expressions and identities. Further
verification of identities of the type (x + y + z)2 = x2 + y2 + z2 + 2xy + 2yz + 2zx, (x ± y)3 = x3 ± y3 ± 3xy (x ± y), x³ ± y³ = (x ± y) (x² ±
xy + y²), x3 + y3 + z3 -
3xyz = (x + y + z) (x2 + y2 + z2 -
xy - yz - zx) and their use in factorization of polymonials.
Simple expressions reducible to these polynomials.
UNIT
III: GEOMETRY
1. INTRODUCTION TO EUCLID'S GEOMETRY
History
- Geometry in India and Euclid's geometry. Euclid's method of formalizing
observed phenomenon into rigorous mathematics with definitions,
common/obvious notions, axioms/postulates and theorems. The five
postulates of Euclid. Equivalent versions of the fifth postulate. Showing
the relationship between axiom and theorem, for example:
·
(Axiom) 1. Given two distinct points, there exists one and only
one line through them.
·
(Theorem) 2. (Prove) Two distinct lines cannot have more than
one point in common.
2. LINES AND ANGLES
1.
(Motivate) If a ray stands on a line, then the sum of the two adjacent angles
so formed is 180° and the converse.
2.
(Prove) If two lines intersect, vertically opposite angles are equal.
3.
(Motivate) Results on corresponding angles, alternate angles, interior angles
when a transversal intersects two parallel lines.
4.
(Motivate) Lines which are parallel to a given line are parallel.
5.
(Prove) The sum of the angles of a triangle is 180°.
6.
(Motivate) If a side of a triangle is produced, the exterior angle so formed is
equal to the sum of the two interior opposite angles.
3. TRIANGLES
1.
(Motivate) Two triangles are congruent if any two sides and the included angle
of one triangle is equal to any two sides and the included angle of the
other triangle (SAS Congruence).
2.
(Prove) Two triangles are congruent if any two angles and the included side of
one triangle is equal to any two angles and the included side of the other
triangle (ASA Congruence).
3.
(Motivate) Two triangles are congruent if the three sides of one triangle are
equal to three sides of the other triangle (SSS Congruene).
4.
(Motivate) Two right triangles are congruent if the hypotenuse and a side of
one triangle are equal (respectively) to the hypotenuse and a side of the
other triangle.
5.
(Prove) The angles opposite to equal sides of a triangle are equal.
6.
(Motivate) The sides opposite to equal angles of a triangle are equal.
7.
(Motivate) Triangle inequalities and relation between 'angle and facing side'
inequalities in triangles.
UNIT
IV: COORDINATE GEOMETRY
1. COORDINATE GEOMETRY
The
Cartesian plane, coordinates of a point, names and terms associated with the
coordinate plane, notations, plotting points in the plane, graph of linear
equations as examples; focus on linear equations of the type Ax + By + C =
0 by writing it as y = mx + c.
UNIT
V: MENSURATION
1. AREAS
Area
of a triangle using Heron's formula (without proof) and its application in
finding the area of a quadrilateral. Area of cyclic quadrilateral (with
proof) - Brahmagupta's formula.
Second Term Syllabus
The text of OTBA for SA-II
will be from Unit - 7 (Statistics)
UNIT II: ALGEBRA
(Contd.)
2.
LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES
Recall
of linear equations in one variable. Introduction to the equation in two
variables. Prove that a linear equation in two variables has infinitely
many solutions and justify their being written as ordered pairs of real
numbers, plotting them and showing that they seem to lie on a line.
Examples, problems from real life, including problems on Ratio and
Proportion and with algebraic and graphical solutions being done
simultaneously.
UNIT
III: GEOMETRY (Contd.)
4. QUADRILATERALS
1.
(Prove) The diagonal divides a parallelogram into two congruent triangles.
2.
(Motivate) In a parallelogram opposite sides are equal, and conversely.
3.
(Motivate) In a parallelogram opposite angles are equal, and conversely.
4.
(Motivate) A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if a pair of its opposite sides
is parallel and equal.
5.
(Motivate) In a parallelogram, the diagonals bisect each other and conversely.
6.
(Motivate) In a triangle, the line segment joining the mid points of any two
sides is parallel to the third side and (motivate) its converse.
5. AREA
Review
concept of area, recall area of a rectangle.
1.
(Prove) Parallelograms on the same base and between the same parallels have the
same area.
2.
(Motivate) Triangles on the same (or equal base) base and between the same parallels
are equal in area.
6. CIRCLES
Through
examples, arrive at definitions of circle related concepts, radius,
circumference, diameter, chord, arc, secant, sector, segment subtended
angle.
1.
(Prove) Equal chords of a circle subtend equal angles at the center and
(motivate) its converse.
2.
(Motivate) The perpendicular from the center of a circle to a chord bisects the
chord and conversely, the line drawn through the center of a circle to
bisect a chord is perpendicular to the chord.
3.
(Motivate) There is one and only one circle passing through three given
non-collinear points.
4.
(Motivate) Equal chords of a circle (or of congruent circles) are equidistant
from the center (or their repective centers) and conversely.
5.
(Prove) The angle subtended by an arc at the center is double the angle
subtended by it at any point on the remaining part of the circle.
6.
(Motivate) Angles in the same segment of a circle are equal.
7.
(Motivate) If a line segment joining two points subtends equal angle at two
other points lying on the same side of the line containing the segment,
the four points lie on a circle.
8.
(Motivate) The sum of either of the pair of the opposite angles of a cyclic
quadrilateral is 180o and its converse.
7. CONSTRUCTIONS
1.
Construction of bisectors of line segments and angles of measure 60°, 90°, 45°
etc., equilateral triangles.
2.
Construction of a triangle given its base, sum/difference of the other two
sides and one base angle.
3.
Construction of a triangle of given perimeter and base angles.
UNIT
V: MENSURATION (Contd.)
2. SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES
Surface
areas and volumes of cubes, cuboids, spheres (including hemispheres) and right
circular cylinders/cones.
UNIT
VI: PROBABILITY
History,
Repeated experiments and observed frequency approach to probability. Focus is
on empirical probability. (A large amount of time to be devoted to group
and to individual activities to motivate the concept; the experiments to
be drawn from real - life situations, and from examples used in the
chapter on statistics).
UNIT
VII: STATISTICS
Introduction
to Statistics: Collection of data, presentation of data - tabular form,
ungrouped / grouped, bar graphs, histograms (with varying base lengths),
frequency polygons, qualitative analysis of data to choose the correct form
of presentation for the collected data. Mean, median, mode of ungrouped
data.
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